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Hunky Culture
''Hunky'' is an ethnic slur used in the United States to refer to a laborer from Central Europe. It originated in the coal regions of Pennsylvania and West Virginia, where Poles and other immigrants from Central Europe (Hungarians (Magyar), Rusyns, Slovaks) came to perform hard manual labor on the mines. They were called "hunkies" by the American public, which lumped them together into a category of Slavic immigrants, irrespective of their individual ethnic background. The use of the term as an ethnic slur has fallen into disuse,〔(CoalSpeak: Dictionary of the Coal Region )〕 but the term ''hunky'' and the public image associated with it has historic relevance in the perception of Slavic immigrants in the United States. There is some usage of the term in other forms; for example, it is used to describe any mill worker in regions of Pennsylvania, as part of the term ''Mill Hunky''.〔(Hunky: The Immigrant Experience )〕
==History==
The terms Hunky and Bohunk can be applied to various Slavic and Hungarian immigrants who moved to America from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The immigrants came en masse prior to the turn of the twentieth century (starting around 1880) seeking opportunity and religious freedom. The Hunkies' image was a departure from Hungarian prestige that peaked around Lajos Kossuth's visit in 1851-1852, aka Triumphal Tour.〔() Bela Vardy, "Kossuth amerikai 'diadalutja' 1851-1852-ben" ('Triumphal Tour" of America, 1851-1852 ), in Debreceni Szemle (Review ), New Series, vol. 6, no. 3 (1998), pp. 331-339; and Steven Bela Vardy, "Louis Kossuth's Words in Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address," in Eurasian Studies Yearbook, vol. 71 (1999), pp. 27-32.〕
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